Sodium fluoride

Otosclerosis is a bone remodeling disorder with still unclear origin, which exclusively forms tiny foci in the human temporal bone. These foci most often develop in the anterior part of the oval window niche and in the stapes footplate, and mechanically fix the ossicles, causing a consequent conductive hearing loss. In relation to the treatment of otosclerosis, it is a natural demand to try to reverse the progression of the disease with various medical treatment options, but until now only bone remodeling has been slowed down. Sodium fluoride and bisphosphonate treatment have shown to be highly promising, but due to their serious side effects, they can only be considered in exceptional cases. There is still great hope for targeted (biological) therapies, but they are not yet approved in Hungary. The „gold standard” procedure for otosclerosis is the surgical solution, which does not cure the disease, just simply eliminates the conductive component of the hearing loss. The older stapedectomy is increasingly being replaced by the technically simpler stapedotomy, however, they are still considered almost equivalent procedures in the literature. In addition to standard microscopic stapes surgery, the most modern endoscopic stapedotomy is also presented. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(32): 1237–1241. Az otosclerosis egy máig tisztázatlan eredetű csontanyagcsere-betegség, amely csakis humán temporalis csontban alakít ki apró csontátépüléssel járó gócokat. Ezek az elváltozások a leggyakrabban az ovális ablakfülke elülső részén és a stapestalpban alakulnak ki, és mechanikailag fixálják a hallócsontláncolatot, következményes vezetéses halláscsökkenést okozva ezzel. Az otosclerosis kezelésével kapcsolatban természetes igény, hogy különféle gyógyszeres terápiás lehetőségekkel próbáljuk visszafordítani a betegséget, ez idáig azonban csupán a csontátépülést sikerült lelassítani. A nátrium-fluorid- és a biszfoszfonátkezelés igen ígéretesnek mutatkozott, súlyos mellékhatásaik miatt azonban a

Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for preventing and managing oral health problems. This systematic review aimed to identify and assess clinical practice guidelines on oral hygiene, focusing on quality and key areas. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, and organizational websites. Guidelines from health organizations that focused on oral health, hygiene education, and disease prevention were included. Guidelines based on expert opinions and those focusing on specific pathologies were excluded. The AGREE II tool was used to evaluate quality, and a narrative synthesis summarized recommendations across pediatric, adult, and senior age groups. Nine studies were reviewed. Results showed that electric toothbrushes do not significantly outperform manual ones in preventing cavities, though they may reduce plaque. Fluoride toothpaste is less effective if followed by rinsing with water. For adults, mouthwashes with chlorhexidine or sodium fluoride are recommended. Checkups every six months are advised for healthy children and adults. Proper denture care is also emphasized. Regular updates to oral care guidelines are necessary, as oral health affects essential functions and social well-being.

To summarize the evidence on prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) by professionally or self-applied topical fluorides using network meta-analysis. Randomized-controlled trials with minimum 1-year follow-up assessing caries-preventive effect among children younger than six years. Eight electronic databases and grey literature. After screening and data extraction, risk of bias assessment using Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0 was done. Twenty-four trials were included, among which 17 were assessed as "high risk" and remaining as "low risk". Fifteen studies evaluated professionally-applied, and the other nine used self-applied topical fluorides. Ten studies on professionally-applied fluorides reporting the net caries increment (dmfs increment) at 2-years follow-up were included in Network meta-analysis (NMA). NMA and ranking the interventions were conducted using a frequentist random-effects approach and surface under the cumulative ranking command, followed by assessing the certainty of evidence using an extension of GRADE approach with CINeMA framework. Among the eight included interventions of professionally-applied fluorides, only two, i.e., 3-monthly 0.9% difluorosilane (DFS) and 6-monthly 5% sodium fluoride varnish were effective in preventing ECC compared to control with 3-monthly DFS application ranking higher than 6-monthly sodium fluoride varnish application. Among all the professionally-applied topical fluoride interventions reviewed, very low to moderate evidence was found with 0.9% DFS application at 3-monthly intervals, which was ranked highest in prevention of ECC. Among the included studies on self-applied topical fluorides, the evidence was inconclusive due to heterogeneity among studies. The 0.9% DFS varnish applied every 3 months is most effective for preventing early childhood caries. The review recommends that good quality studies be conducted in future, comparing two or more interventions for both self- as well as professionally-applied topica

Sodium Fluoride-18 production started in the 1940s and was described clinically for the first time in 1962 as a bone-imaging agent. However, its use became dormant with the development of conventional bone scintigraphy, especially due to its low cost. Conventional bone scintigraphy has been the most utilized Nuclear Medicine technique for identifying osteoblastic bone metastases, especially in prostate and breast cancers for decades and is also employed to identify benign bone disease, especially in the orthopedic setting. While bone scintigraphy is highly sensitive, it lacks adequate specificity. With the advent of high-quality 3D Whole-Body Positron Emission Tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT), images, Sodium Fluoride-18 imaging with PET/CT (Fluoride PET/CT) re-emerged. This PET/CT bone-imaging agent provides higher sensitivity and specificity to detect bone lesions in both the oncological scenario as well as to identify benign bone and joint disorders. PET/CT bone-imaging provides a precise view of the bone metabolism remodeling processes at a molecular level, throughout the skeleton, and combines anatomical information, enhancing diagnostic specificity and accuracy. This article review will explore the updates on clinical applications of Fluoride PET/CT in oncology and benign conditions encompassing orthopedic, inflammatory and cardiovascular conditions and treatment response assessment.

Early childhood caries is a common condition that poses a serious risk to children's health because it can progress quickly, resulting in pain, abscesses, and a general decline in health. As a result, invasive therapies are needed, which call for highly skilled personnel. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify the most recent and widely applied early childhood caries (ECC) prevention and treatment approaches. Only substances that act topically and minimally invasive interventions were considered. The database search was restricted to randomized clinical trials completed within the last five years, specifically those that examined the following procedures: sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish, alternative restorative technique (ART), nano-silver fluoride, silver diamine fluoride, and silver modified atraumatic restorative treatment sealants (SMART). A total of 815 articles were found. After removing duplicates, 584 articles were included, and 567 of them were excluded due to not meeting the predefined inclusion criteria. Every method considered has been proven to be successful in halting the progression of ECC and is well-liked by patients, even those who are unwilling to cooperate, as well as by parents. The most common unfavorable effect of SDF is irreversible black discoloration in treated tooth surfaces, but this is typically not a problem. They are all low-cost, minimally invasive techniques that might also be widely used in large communities and low socioeconomic settings.