cefadroxil
Sources réglementaires consultées
Indications approuvées
- Pharyngo-amygdalite et infections urinaires, cutanées et des tissus mous non compliquées dues à des organismes sensibles.
Contre-indications
Absolues
- Hypersensibilité à le céfadroxil ou aux céphalosporines, ou antécédent de réaction immédiate et sévère à une autre bêta-lactamine.
- Chez les enfants âgés de 6 ans ou plus et pesant moins de 40 kg, insuffisance rénale ou nécessité d’hémodialyse avec cette présentation.
Mises en garde cliniques
- Mise en garde majeure · Il peut provoquer une hypersensibilité sévère ou une anaphylaxie. Rechercher tout antécédent de réaction immédiate aux bêta-lactamines avant l’emploi et arrêter en cas de réaction allergique. — CIMA/AEMPS, ficha técnica 55731
- Mise en garde majeure · Il peut provoquer une diarrhée associée à Clostridioides difficile pendant ou après le traitement ; évaluer toute diarrhée importante et éviter les antipéristaltiques si une colite est suspectée. — CIMA/AEMPS, ficha técnica 55731
- Mise en garde majeure · Utiliser avec prudence chez les prématurés et les nouveau-nés en raison de l’expérience limitée. — CIMA/AEMPS, ficha técnica 55731
Interactions médicamenteuses
- SévèreAnticoagulants oraux
Mécanisme: L’antibiotique et l’infection peuvent augmenter l’INR ou le risque hémorragique.
Recommandation: Surveiller l’INR et les signes de saignement pendant et peu après le traitement.
CIMA/AEMPS, ficha técnica 55731
- ModéréeProbénécide
Mécanisme: Il réduit la sécrétion tubulaire rénale et peut augmenter et prolonger l’exposition à l’antibiotique.
Recommandation: Éviter l’association sauf indication délibérée et surveiller la toxicité.
CIMA/AEMPS, ficha técnica 55731
Effets indésirables
Communs (≥1%)
Nausées, diarrhée et éruption cutanée
Rares mais graves
Anaphylaxie, colite à C. difficile et cytopénies sévères
Grossesse et allaitement
Utiliser pendant la grossesse uniquement en cas d’indication claire. De faibles quantités passent dans le lait ; surveiller diarrhée, candidose ou sensibilisation chez le nourrisson et réévaluer la poursuite selon le produit.
Bibliographie récente (PubMed)
Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions to affect women of childbearing age, so it is important to consider the safety of long-term acne treatments on women who could become pregnant. In this review article, we clarify what management options are available to treat acne during pregnancy. Topical treatments, typically first-line for acne, such as azelaic acid, clindamycin, erythromycin, metronidazole, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, dapsone, and retinoids, were reviewed. Systemic treatments, such as zinc supplements, cephalexin, cefadroxil, amoxicillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, and corticosteroids, typically second-line for acne, were also reviewed. Alternative treatments such as light therapy and cosmetic procedures were also evaluated. Due to recommendation of sunscreen utilization during acne treatments, sunscreen usage during pregnancy was also assessed. Management of acne during unplanned pregnancy was discussed in further detail regarding safety and adverse effects. Through summarized tables and examples of studies demonstrating safety and efficacy of treatments, the following is a resource for providers and patients to utilize for management of acne during pregnancy. Cefadroxil is no longer marketed in in the US. Limited information indicates that cefadroxil produces low levels in milk that are not expected to cause adverse effects in breastfed infants. Occasionally disruption of the infant's gastrointestinal flora, resulting in diarrhea or thrush have been reported with cephalosporins, but these effects have not been adequately evaluated. Cefadroxil is acceptable in nursing mothers. The cephalosporins are a family of bactericidal antibiotics structurally related to penicillin which were first derived from the fungus, Cephalosporum acremonium. Their basic structure is similar to penicillin with a thiazolidine and beta-lactam ring, which has a variable side chain. Cephalosporins bind to the penicillin-binding proteins on bacteria and inhib
Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines have his-torically recommended antibiotics for combat wounds due to potential delays in evacuation and wound contamination. The currently recommended agents, moxifloxacin (oral) and ertap-enem (parenteral), have not been recently reviewed. This paper documents the findings of a multidisciplinary panel convened in 2023 to re-evaluate TCCC antibiotic recommendations con-sidering current antibiotic options, emerging data regarding multi-drug resistance (MDR), and evolving combat wound microbiology. The panel addressed four key questions through literature review and expert discussion: the optimal timing for antibiotic administration, whether recommendations change for invasive procedures, the inclusion of topical antibiotics, and the need to update antibiotic choices. The review reaffirmed the importance of early antibiotic administration, recommended antibiotic prophylaxis for any invasive procedure in the TCCC setting, found insufficient evidence to recommend topical an-tibiotics at this time, and proposed updates to the antibiotic choices based on factors like spectrum, side effects, stability, dosing, and cost. The panel recommends changing the oral antibiotic to cefadroxil (preferred) or cephalexin (alternative) and the parenteral antibiotic to ceftriaxone. In light of these changes in TCCC antibiotics, considerations should be made within Prolonged Casualty Care guidelines for the narrower spectrum of antibiotics and surveillance for unanticipated in-creases in specific injury patterns such as post-traumatic en-dophthalmitis, open fractures, or abdominal injuries.
Abscesses, erysipelas, or uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (phlegmons) are common soft tissue infections encountered by dermatologists. Their definition, diagnosis, and treatment are summarized here based on the updated German-language guidelines. Cutaneous abscesses are encapsulated, pus-filled cavities which, depending on their location in deep or superficial skin-layers, cause solid to fluctuating, more or less erythematous, painful swelling under usually intact epidermis. Superficial and mature abscesses reveal visible collection of pus. Primary and often sufficient therapy consists of incision and drainage. In the presence of complicating factors, an antibiotic targeting Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is additionally recommended. Erysipelas, caused by streptococci, is characterized by bright-red, often shiny erythema with sometimes arched margins, which is initially accompanied by constitutional symptoms such as shivers or fever. The treatment of choice is penicillin. An uncomplicated soft tissue infection is usually caused by S. aureus and is characterized by a livid red erythema with slight edema and blurred margins. Constitutional symptoms do not generally occur and sometimes only in the course of infection. They are sufficiently treated with, e.g., oral cefadroxil or intravenous cefazolin. Complicated soft tissue infections are extensive infections of soft tissue due to certain comorbidities, such as severe diabetes, immunosuppression, liver or kidney failure or to complicating factors such as burns or injuries with foreign bodies. The spectrum of causative bacteria is broader and must be considered for calculated antibiotic therapy. This review is intended to provide targeted and successful antibiotic therapy and to reduce adverse effects and development of resistant bacteria. Abszesse, Erysipele oder unkomplizierte Phlegmonen sind in der Dermatologie die häufigsten Haut- und Weichgewebeinfektionen. Ihre Definition, Diagnose und Behandlung werden